Top grain is the second highest grade of leather, the first being full grain. The leather is named top grain because the very top layer is sanded, buffed or shaved off to eliminate inherent imperfections.
Pigmentation or staining gives the leather an attractive final look. This also makes top grain leather smoother and more flexible than full grain leather. Although this type of leather is strong and durable, it tends to stretch permanently over time.
Nabuck is Top Grain Leather which has not been processed but the surface has been brushed and polished so that the short protein fibres produce a velvet surface.
Similar to suede, but more precious, the lush surface will change shade when you run your hand over it. Stronger and thicker than suede it can be white or coloured and dyed.
Embossed leather is leather with artificial patterns imprinted on the natural grain of animal skin using heat and high pressure. Typically, steel plates with different engraved designs are used to create embossed leather for a variety of applications, including upholstery and accessories.
The most common types of embossing include blind embossing, gold embossing, and color imprinting.
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